Edit Config Sys Windows 10

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• Edit Config Sys Windows 10
• Edit Config Sys Windows 10
• Edit Config Sys Windows 10 Pro
• Edit Config.sys Windows 10

REG LOAD HKLM SOFT F: MOUNTBOOT WINDOWS SYSTEM32 CONFIG SOFTWARE then load system hive as the name SYS REG LOAD HKLM SYS F: MOUNTBOOT WINDOWS SYSTEM32 CONFIG SYSTEM For now, as you have loaded software hive as the name OFFLINE You are ok to load system hive as the name SYS. The auotexec.bat and the config.sys are edited by the MS-DOS command file edit. To edit these files, type edit c: autoexec.bat to edit the autoexec.bat file, or edit c: config.sys to edit the config.sys file. If the mouse drivers are not loaded properly, the mouse will not work.

version 3.04

NOTE! This page can be downloadedin text format. Also available in French.

During time I have assisted quite a lot of PC owners with the setupof their two system files CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT. Often whenI stand in line in a computer store (I have seldom seen that there isn’ta waiting line), I have experienced that a great many of the problems,the customers complains about, are due to improper setup of these two files. Therefore I hereby pass on some advice about that subject.

Contents:

• Before you begin !
• MS-DOS 7.00 / 7.10 (Windows 95 & 98).
• Windows 95 OSR2 and HIMEM.SYS.
• DOSSTART.BAT (Windows 95 & 98).
• WINSTART.BAT (Windows 95 & 98 and Windows 3.11).
• MS-DOS 6.22 (Windows 3.11).
• PC DOS 7.00 (IBM).
• Windows 3.11.
• More Upper Memory with EMM386.
• Alternative Memory Managers (QEMM386).
• Stacker disk compression.
• Harddisk partitioning.
• Windows 95 OSR2 and FAT32.

Before you begin !

Some of the following is very basic, while some of it is addressedto the experienced PC user.

Before you begin to change the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files,you should do the following:

Format a floppy diskette with the command: FORMAT A: /U /S
Save copies of the original CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files
in a separate directory AND on the floppy diskette mentioned above.

This will always give you the possibility of starting the computerby inserting the floppy diskette in drive A:, then rebooting the computer.

If there are problems starting the computer, then as from DOS version6.00 you can press the F5 key, when the screen displays: Starting ‘Windows9x..’ (‘Starting MS-DOS..’). This skips the executingof the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files. Thereafter you can edit the line inone of these two files where the problem occurred. If instead the F8 key (plus4 in Windows 9x) is pressed, then the lines in CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT will beexecuted one line at a time. This helps determining where the problems occurs.

MS-DOS 7.00 / 7.10 (Windows 95 & 98)

• Windows 95 has DOS-version 7.00
• Windows 95 OSR2 and Windows 98 has DOS-version 7.10

Under Windows 9x the following setup of CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BATwill be suitable. This setup also ensures access to CD-ROM driveand soundcard in MS-DOS mode.

Before you begin to make alterations of CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT,it will be suitable to change the setup, so that Windows 9x will not startautomatically, but there instead is started directly in DOS mode.

This is done by making the following changes under [Options] in thefile C:MSDOS.SYS:

to: BootGUI=1
Logo=1
BootGUI=0
Logo=0

MSDOS.SYS is a hidden read-only system file, why it is necessaryto execute the command: ATTRIB -H -R -S C:MSDOS.SYS beforethe file can be edited (some editors allows editing without doing thisin advance).

NOTE!It is important to use a texteditor (NOTEPAD.EXE or EDIT.COM) andNOT a wordprocessor (Word or WordPerfect) to edit the file, because awordprocessor spoils the file with unwanted code!

After this change the computer will start in MS-DOS 7.x, and theWindows 9x Logo (the one with the running colours beneath the picture)will not be shown during startup, making it possible to see how CONFIG.SYSand AUTOEXEC.BAT are executed.

Windows 9x can subsequently be started manually with the command: WIN

If for instance a DOS game will not run under a standard installationof Windows 9x, this can often be solved by disabling the automatic startof Windows 9x in this way, and then starting the program before loading Windows9x.

Once CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT are optimized, the changes in MSDOS.SYScan be reversed, to reestablish the automatic start of Windows 9x and theLogo, if so wanted. Alternatively the command: WIN couldjust be inserted as the last line in AUTOEXEC.BAT.

The following example applies to a PC with:

MS-DOS 7.00 / 7.10
Windows 4.00.x (95 / 98)
Soundblaster soundcard
CD-ROM drive
Mouse
(installed in C:WINDOWS & C:WINDOWSCOMMAND)
(installed in C:WINDOWS)
(installed in C:CTSND)
(installed in C:CDROM)
(installed in C:MOUSE)

The example are generally applicable, but line 13and line 24 must be edited, as the drivers for CD-ROMdrive and Mouse depends on the manufacturer.

The Lines with * can be omitted.

CONFIG.SYS
* 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
NUMLOCK=OFF
BREAK=ON
DOS=HIGH,UMB,NOAUTO
FILESHIGH=40
FCBSHIGH=1,0
BUFFERSHIGH=30,0
LASTDRIVEHIGH=J
STACKSHIGH=9,256
COUNTRY=045,865,C:WINDOWSCOMMANDCOUNTRY.SYS
DEVICE=C:WINDOWSHIMEM.SYS/V
DEVICE=C:WINDOWSEMM386.EXE RAM /MIN=0 I=B000-B7FF/V
DEVICEHIGH /L:2 =C:WINDOWSCOMMANDDISPLAY.SYS CON=(EGA,1)
DEVICEHIGH /L:2 =C:CDROMCDROM.SYS /D:MSCD000
DEVICEHIGH /L:2 =C:WINDOWSSETVER.EXE
DEVICEHIGH /L:1 =C:WINDOWSIFSHLP.SYS
SHELL=C:WINDOWSCOMMAND.COM C:WINDOWS /E:1024 /P

AUTOEXEC.BAT
* 17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
* 25
26
27
* 28
29
30
31
32
33
34
* 35
@ECHO OFF
LH /L:2 C:WINDOWSCOMMANDMSCDEX /D:MSCD000 /M:15 /E /S /L:D /V
LH /L:0;2 /S C:WINDOWSCOMMANDSMARTDRV 2048 16 /V
C:WINDOWSCOMMANDMODE CON RATE=32 DELAY=2
C:WINDOWSCOMMANDMODE CON CP PREP=((865) C:WINDOWSCOMMANDEGA.CPI)
C:WINDOWSCOMMANDMODE CON CP SEL=865
LH /L:2 C:WINDOWSCOMMANDKEYB DK,865,C:WINDOWSCOMMANDKEYBOARD.SYS
LH /L:2 C:MOUSEMOUSE
LH /L:2 C:WINDOWSCOMMANDDOSKEY /INSERT
PROMPT $p$g
PATH C:WINDOWS;C:WINDOWSCOMMAND;C:CTSND
SET DIRCMD=/P /A
SET TEMP=C:WINDOWSTEMP
SET TMP=C:WINDOWSTEMP
SET SOUND=C:CTSND
SET BLASTER=A220 I5 D1 H5 P330 T6
SET MIDI=SYNTH:1 MAP:G
C:CTSNDDIAGNOSE /S
C:CTSNDSB16SET /P

1. Switches off Num Lock on thekeyboard.
2. Extends Control-C / Control Breakalso to work under I/O operations as for instance reading and writing ofthe disks.
3. HIGH loads DOS buffers in HMA(requires a XMS manager, line 10).
   UMB allows the use of Upper Memory Blocks for resident drivers and programs(requires an EMS manager, line 11). This frees upmore conventional memory for your applications.
   NOAUTO makes it possible to load drivers and TSR programs in conventionalmemory, if wanted — otherwise DOS 7.x always tries to load in Upper Memory,even though DEVICEHIGH, FILESHIGH etc. has not been used. Some driverscan only work if loaded low with a DEVICE command.
4. Sets the number of files thatcan be opened at one time to 40 (suitable for most instances, but someprograms insists on a larger number).
5. Sets the minimal number of filecontrol blocks. Is only used by very old programs.
6. Sets buffers to 30. Ifthe number is smaller there is a risk that it is NOT possible to ‘Restartthe computer in MS-DOS mode’ from Windows 95 (OSR2).
7. Sets the last logical drive-letterto J:
8. Sets stacks as Microsoft recommendsit for Windows 9x.
9. Sets country to 45 (Denmark),with codepage 865 as the system character set i. e. the characterset that is used for sorting and conversion to and from capital letters. If no number is stated for the codepage, then the system codepage is setto 850 by default (for country 45), even though for instance codepage 865is chosen in line 22. Therefore the same codepageshould always be stated in line 9 and in line22 to avoid problems with access to files with names, in which charactersfrom the extended ASCII character set are used (character no. 128 to 255)i.e. ø and Ø.
10. Loads the DOS XMS manager. Necessary for the next line and for Windows 9x and Smartdrive(line 19).
11. Loads the DOS EMS manager. RAM indicates that both Expanded Memory (EMS) and Upper Memory (UMB) shouldbe made available. /MIN=0 states that no minimal amount of EMS memoryshall be secured. I=B000-B7FFindicates that the memory reserved for monochrome screens can be used asUpper Memory. If EMS memory is not wanted, the parameter RAM canbe changed to NOEMS, but from DOS 6.00 an above EMM386.EXEprovides both EMS and XMS memory for the programs, so there is no reasonnot to use the RAM parameter, unless there is a need for more UMB memoryand you don’t have any programs that demands EMS memory. Many gamesrequires EMS.
12. Loads the DOS EGA/VGA driverfor use of 1 codepage (character set) on the screen. In DOS 7.xmore memory is used for 2 codepages than for 1 codepage.
13. Loads the driver for the CD-ROMdrive. Specific for the installed drive. Your driver mighthave another name. What is written after /D: must also be writtenafter /D: in line 18. Some other parameters mightalso be necessary i.e. a statement of the controller’s address (/SBP:220or the like), if the drive is connected via the soundcard or a separatecontrollercard. If you haven’t got a DOS CD-ROM driver, then youmight use the SAMPLE.SYS driver located at the Windows 95 installationdiskette. On the Windows 98 installation diskette is placed a largernumber of CD-ROM drivers, covering most CD-ROM drives.
14. Reports an earlier versionof DOS (e.g. version 6.22) to older DOS-programs, if they demand to beexecuted under a definite DOS version.
15. Loads the driver for Windows 9x’s 32-bitfile access.
16. States the name and location of the commandinterpreter. /E: states the size of the DOS environment. 1024 is suitable, as DOS 7.x automatically adds 1040 to the size which cannot beless than 256. /P indicates that the command interpreter shall stay residentand that AUTOEXEC.BAT shall be executed. /P may NOT be omitted.
17. Hides the text in batch programswhen the batch file is executed.
18. Loads the DOS CD-ROM extensionfor access to the CD-ROM drive. Requires that a CD-ROM driver (line13) with the same text after /D: is loaded. /M:15 states a suitableamount of buffers, and /E states that these buffer shall be loaded intoExpanded Memory (requires that an EMS manager is loaded, line11). /S indicates that the CD-ROM drive can be shared over anetwork, but is also necessary for some programs in order to make it possibleto read the volume label on the CD-ROM disks. /L:D indicates thatdrive-letter D shall be assigned to the CD-ROM drive. If /L: is omitted,the first free drive-letter is assigned to the CD-ROM drive.
19. Loads the DOS Smartdrive disk cachefor faster reading and writing on the (hard)disks. When Smartdriveis loaded AFTERMSCDEX (line 18),the cache will also work for the CD-ROM drive. Requires that a XMS manageris loaded (line 10). 2048 states the amount of memoryin Kb that should be used under DOS, and 16 states the amount when runningWindows. The latter is set to the minimum value, because Windows 9x hasits own 32-bit disk cache.
20. Increases the typematic rateand delay for the keyboard.
21. Prepares Danish/Norwegian(865) codepage (character set) for the screen. Requires thatDISPLAY.SYS is loaded (line 12). C:DOSEGA.CPI can be replaced with the name of another codepage informationfile, for instance C:DOS865.CPI under IBM’s PC DOS.
22. Selects Danish/Norwegiancodepage (character set) for the screen. Requires that line21 is executed.
23. Loads the keyboard driver,configurated for a Danish keyboard with support for codepage 865.
24. Loads the Mouse driver. Your driver might have another name. The drivers from Microsoft andIBM uses a lot of memory — try to get another driver if you have one providedby Microsoft or IBM.
25. Loads DOSKey, which enablesfast recalling and editing of the command line at the DOS prompt. Can be omitted.
26. Set the DOS prompt to show thecurrent directory followed by the character >.
27. PATH indicates in which directories andin which order programs shall be searched for, when no path is stated before theprogram name. Many programs inserts their own path in this line during programsetup, but in the most instances this is not necessary. Try removingthe program path and check if the program can work without it. Along PATH can slow down the start of the programs onthe computer. The PATH line can not contain more then 127 characters. Furthermore the length of the PATH is limited by the size of the DOSenvironment (line 16).
28. Sets the DOS DIR commandfor pausing, when the screen becomes full, and to display all files includinghidden and system files.
29. States in which directory temporaryfiles can be placed by the applications. This makes it much easierto find files that are not removed due to program errors. Quite a lotof megabytes can be saved by deleting the files in this directory from time totime. Do NOT delete these files, while Windows is running — some of themmight be in use.
30. States in which directory temporaryfiles can be placed by the applications (older programs).
31. States where the files for theSound Blaster soundcard are installed.
32. States that the soundcard isinstalled at Address 220 with IRQ 5, Low DMA on DMA-channel 1, HighDMA on DMA-channel 5, MIDI address 330 and that the soundcard is Type 6(Sound Blaster 16 compatible).
33. Indicates how MIDI-fileshas to be played. MAP:G makes sure that both basic MIDI and extendedMIDI can be played in DOS.
34. Sets the soundcard to the valuesin line 32.
35. Sets the volumelevel forthe different channels of the soundcard according to the values saved inthe file C:CTSNDCTMIX.CFG by means of the program C:CTSNDSB16SET.EXE. Can be omitted.

/L: indicates in which UMB block the driver/programshall be loaded.

/V indicates that the driver/program shalldisplay extended information on the screen when loading.

If the Upper Memory in the address interval C800 to EFFF is unbroken,it should now, depending on the memory requirements for the CD-ROM and Mousedrivers, be possible to load all drivers and resident programs in UpperMemory, giving approximately 625 Kb free memory (can be checked with thecommand: MEM /C).

An unbroken Upper Memory area is among other depending on the computersBIOS, the installed videocard and other plug-in cards installed in the computer.

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NOTE!The order of the lines should not be altered. The order aboveprovides the best utilization of the Upper Memory.
When DOS is finished loading the drivers stated in CONFIG.SYS, it loadsthe FILES, FCBS, BUFFERS, LASTDRIVE and STACKS. DOS continues to loadthese into the same UMB as the last device was loaded into. This givesa way of controlling where the FILES etc. are loaded. In the exampleabove, the last device: IFSHLP.SYS is loaded into UMB 1, and therefore FILESetc. are also loaded into UMB 1. If the values for FILES etc. are setas in the example above, then the available memory in UMB 1 will just barelybe used (at least with the Danish versions of Windows 9x). ThereafterCOMMAND.COM will be loaded where there is free memory — in this instance intoUMB 2.

If there is not 625 Kb of free memory, the MEMMAKER program can betried, but this program cannot always improve the memory utilization, andsome times it becomes worse.

Also look at the chapter: More Upper Memorywith EMM386.

Edit Config Sys Windows 10

More commands for use in CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT can be seen inthe chapter: MS-DOS 6.22 (Windows 3.11).

Windows 95 OSR2 and HIMEM.SYS

If you are using one of the FIRST German or Danish (and probablysome other non-US versions) of the OEM Service Release 2 (OSR2) version ofWindows 95, there is an ERROR in the IO.SYS system file, which preventsHIMEM.SYS from loading in the HMA area, leading HIMEM.SYS to use 45 Kb ofconventional memory instead of 1 Kb.

You can downloadthe IO2PATCH.EXE program here. This program fixes the problem. Justput the IO2PATCH.EXE file in the root of your bootup drive (usually C:), where theIO.SYS system file is placed, execute the IO2PATCH program, and then the problem shouldbe fixed.

DOSSTART.BAT (Windows 95 & 98)

Whenever it is chosen to ‘Restart the computer in MS-DOS mode’ when closing Windows9x, the file C:WINDOWSDOSSTART.BAT is searched for, and the lines herein are executed,if this file exists.

During installation of Windows 9x some lines are often moved from AUTOEXEC.BATto DOSSTART.BAT, so it is essential to check that none of the drivers and TSR programsloaded from AUTOEXEC.BAT are loaded by DOSSTART.BAT as well.

The CD-ROM extension MSCDEX is one of theprograms that Windows 9x often moves to DOSSTART.BAT. This is done in order forWindows 9x to use its 32-bit driver for the CD-ROM drive, but if access to the CD-ROMdrive is wanted before starting Windows 9x (e.g. if automatic startof Windows 9x is disabled, as earlier described), then MSCDEX HAS to be loadedfrom AUTOEXEC.BAT and therefore should be deleted from the DOSSTART.BAT file. Windows 9x’s 32-bit CD-ROM driver should be a little faster than a 16-bit DOS driver,but some programs cannot run with the 32-bit driver.

However, if it is chosen to load MSCDEX from DOSSTART.BAT, thenSMARTDRV should be moved hereto as well,in order to obtain caching of the CD-ROM drive. Otherwise SMARTDRVwould be loaded before MSCDEX, causing the CD-ROM drive not to becached. The DOSSTART.BAT file should then look like this:

DOSSTART.BAT
1
2
3
@ECHO OFF
LH /L:2 C:WINDOWSCOMMANDMSCDEX /D:MSCD000 /M:15 /E /S /L:D /V
LH /L:0;2 /S C:WINDOWSCOMMANDSMARTDRV 2048 16 /V

and line 18 and line 19should be deleted from AUTOEXEC.BAT.

WINSTART.BAT (Windows 95 & 98 and Windows 3.11)

Windows looks for the file C:WINDOWSWINSTART.BAT before starting. So, if you for any reason want to run any programs or commands before startingWindows, you can put them into this file. Unlike DOSSTART.BAT, WINSTART.BATis also executed by Windows 3.11.

MS-DOS 6.22 (Windows 3.11)

The following example applies to a PC with:

MS-DOS 6.22
Windows 3.11
Soundblaster soundcard
CD-ROM drive
Mouse
(installed in C:DOS)
(installed in C:WINDOWS)
(installed in C:SB16)
(installed in C:CDROM)
(installed in C:MOUSE)

but will also work with MS-DOS 6.00 / 6.20 or PC DOS 6.30 / 7.00.

The example are generally applicable, but line 15and line 26 must be edited, as the drivers for CD-ROMdrive and Mouse depends on the manufacturer.

The Lines with * can be omitted.

CONFIG.SYS
* 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
* 12
13
14
15
16
NUMLOCK=OFF
BREAK=ON
DOS=HIGH,UMB
FILES=40
FCBS=1,0
BUFFERS=10,0
LASTDRIVE=J
STACKS=9,256
COUNTRY=045,865,C:DOSCOUNTRY.SYS
DEVICE=C:DOSHIMEM.SYS/V
DEVICE=C:DOSEMM386.EXE RAM /MIN=0 I=B000-B7FF/V
DEVICEHIGH /L:1 =C:DOSANSI.SYS
DEVICEHIGH /L:1 =C:DOSDISPLAY.SYS CON=(EGA,2)
DEVICEHIGH /L:1 =C:WINDOWSIFSHLP.SYS
DEVICEHIGH /L:2 =C:CDROMCDROM.SYS /D:MSCD000
SHELL=C:DOSCOMMAND.COM C:DOS /E:1024 /P

AUTOEXEC.BAT
* 17
18
* 19
20
21
22
23
24
* 25
26
* 27
* 28
* 29
30
31
* 32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
* 40
@ECHO OFF
LH /L:2 C:DOSMSCDEX /D:MSCD000 /M:15 /E /S /L:D /V
ECHO.
LH /L:0;2 /S C:DOSSMARTDRV 2048 128 /V
C:DOSMODE CON RATE=32 DELAY=2
C:DOSMODE CON CP PREP=((865 850) C:DOSEGA.CPI)
C:DOSMODE CON CP SEL=865
LH /L:2 C:DOSKEYB DK,865,C:DOSKEYBOARD.SYS
ECHO.
LH /L:2 C:MOUSEMOUSE
LH /L:1 C:DOSDOSKEY /INSERT
ECHO.
LH /L:2 C:DOSNLSFUNC C:DOSCOUNTRY.SYS
PROMPT $_ $e[1;37;41m-| — $e[33;40m $p$g
PATH C:DOS;C:WINDOWS;C:SB16
SET DIRCMD=/P /A
SET TEMP=C:TEMP
SET TMP=C:TEMP
SET TZ=CET-1CDT,3,-1,0,7200,10,-1,0,10800,3600
SET SOUND=C:SB16
SET BLASTER=A220 I5 D1 H5 P330 T6
SET MIDI=SYNTH:1 MAP:G
C:SB16DIAGNOSE /S
C:SB16SB16SET /P

1. Switches off Num Lock on thekeyboard.
2. Extends Control-C / Control Breakalso to work under I/O operations as for instance reading and writing ofthe disks.
3. HIGH loads DOS buffers in HMA(requires a XMS manager, line 10). UMB allowsthe use of Upper Memory Blocks for resident drivers and programs (requiresan EMS manager, line 11). This frees up more conventionalmemory for your applications.
4. Sets the number of files thatcan be opened at one time to 40 (suitable for most instances, but someprograms insists on a larger number).
5. Sets the minimal number of file controlblocks. Is only used by very old programs.
6. Sets buffers to 10, which isappropriate, when Smartdrive (line 20) is used.
7. Sets the last logical drive-letterto J:
8. Sets stacks as Microsoft recommendsit for Windows 3.11.
9. Sets country to 45 (Denmark),with codepage 865 as the system character set i. e. the characterset that is used for sorting and conversion to and from capital letters. If no number is stated for the codepage, then the system codepage is setto 850 by default (for country 45), even though for instance codepage 865is chosen in line 23. Therefore the same codepageshould always be stated in line 9 and in line23 to avoid problems with access to files with names, in which charactersfrom the extended ASCII character set are used (character no. 128 to 255)i.e. ø and Ø.
10. Loads the DOS XMS manager. Necessary for the next line and for Windows 3.11 and Smartdrive(line 20).
11. Loads the DOS EMS manager. RAM indicates that both Expanded Memory (EMS) and Upper Memory (UMB) shouldbe made available. /MIN=0 states that no minimal amount of EMS memoryshall be secured. I=B000-B7FFindicates that the memory reserved for monochrome screens can be used asUpper Memory. With Windows 3.11 the use of I=B000-B7FF requires thefollowing line in C:WINDOWSSYSTEM.INI:
    [386Enh]
    device=c:dosmonoumb.386
    NOTE! If you don’t have the file MONOUMB.386, then I=B000-B7FF canNOT be used, if Windows is to be run. In that case all instancesof /L:2 must be changed to /L:1. You can downloadMONOUMB.386 here.
    If EMS memory is not wanted, the parameter RAM can be changed to NOEMS,but from DOS 6.00 an above EMM386.EXE provides bothEMS and XMS memory for the programs, so there is no reason not to use theRAM parameter, unless there is a need for more UMB memory and you don’thave any programs that demands EMS memory. Many games requires EMS.
12. Loads the DOS ANSI driver,which among other makes manipulating of the colours in the DOS prompt (line30) possible. Can be substituted with an ANSI driver specificto the installed videocard. DOS’s ANSI.SYS uses a lot of memory. Can be omitted. Some older programs requires an ANSI driver.
13. Loads the DOS EGA/VGA driverfor use of up to 2 codepages (character sets) on the screen. In DOS6.22 no more memory is used for 2 codepages than for 1 codepage.
14. Loads the driver for Windows 3.11’s 32-bitfile access.
15. Loads the driver for the CD-ROMdrive. Specific for the installed drive. Your driver mighthave another name. What is written after /D: must also be writtenafter /D: in line 18. Some other parameters mightalso be necessary i.e. a statement of the controller’s address (/SBP:220or the like), if the drive is connected via the soundcard or a separatecontrollercard.
16. States the name and location of the commandinterpreter. /E: states the size of the DOS environment. 512 or 1024 is suitable. If the number is smaller then some programsand batch-files might not run. /P indicates that the command interpretershall stay resident and that AUTOEXEC.BAT shall be executed. /P mayNOT be omitted.
17. Hides the text in batch programswhen the batch file is executed.
18. Loads the DOS CD-ROM extensionfor access to the CD-ROM drive. Requires that a CD-ROM driver (line15) with the same text after /D: is loaded. /M:15 states a suitableamount of buffers, and /E states that these buffer shall be loaded intoExpanded Memory (requires that an EMS manager is loaded, line11). /S indicates that the CD-ROM drive can be shared over anetwork, but is also necessary for some programs in order to make it possibleto read the volume label on the CD-ROM disks. /L:D indicates thatdrive-letter D shall be assigned to the CD-ROM drive. If /L: is omitted,the first free drive-letter is assigned to the CD-ROM drive.
19. Inserts a blank line (rememberthe period after ECHO).
20. Loads the DOS Smartdrive disk cachefor faster reading and writing on the (hard)disks. When Smartdriveis loaded AFTERMSCDEX (line 18),the cache will also work for the CD-ROM drive. Requires that a XMS manageris loaded (line 10). 2048 states the amount of memoryin Kb that should be used under DOS, and 128 states the amount when runningWindows. 128 Kb is recommended when 32-bit file accessis used, otherwise 2048 will be proper (having 8 Mb RAM or more).
21. Increases the typematic rate anddelay for the keyboard.
22. Prepares Danish/Norwegian (865)and international (850) codepage (character set) for the screen. Requires that DISPLAY.SYS is loaded (line13). C:DOSEGA.CPI can be replaced with the name of anothercodepage information file, for instance C:DOS865.CPI under IBM’s PC DOS.
23. Selects Danish/Norwegian codepage(character set) for the screen. Requires that line22 is executed.
24. Loads the keyboard driver,configurated for a Danish keyboard with support for codepage 865.
25. Inserts a blank line.
26. Loads the Mouse driver. Your driver might have another name. The drivers from Microsoft andIBM uses a lot of memory — try to get another driver if you have one providedby Microsoft or IBM.
27. Loads DOSKey, which enablesfast recalling and editing of the command line at the DOS prompt. Can be omitted.
28. Inserts a blank line.
29. Loads national language support,which makes it possible to change the codepage with the command: CHCP. If C:DOSCOUNTRY.SYS is not stated, the country information file statedat COUNTRY= in CONFIG.SYS (line9) is used. Can be omitted.
30. Makes a little fun with the DOSprompt. Requires that an ANSI driver (line12) is loaded. The cross is made by holding down the ALT keyand typing 196 and 197 on the numeric keypad at the right side of the keyboard(not all text editors supports this). Alternatively the prompt canjust be set to: $p$g
31. PATH indicates in which directories andin which order programs shall be searched for, when no path is stated before theprogram name. Many programs inserts their own path in this line during programsetup, but in the most instances this is not necessary. Try removingthe program path and check if the program can work without it. Along PATH can slow down the start of the programs onthe computer. The PATH line can not contain more then 127 characters. Furthermore the length of the PATH is limited by the size of the DOS environment(line 16).
32. Sets the DOS DIR command forpausing, when the screen becomes full, and to display all files includinghidden and system files.
33. States in which directory temporaryfiles can be placed by the applications. This makes it much easierto find files that are not removed due to program errors. Quite a lotof megabytes can be saved by deleting the files in this directory from time totime. Do NOT delete these files, while Windows is running — some of themmight be in use.
34. States in which directory temporaryfiles can be placed by the applications (older programs).
35. Sets the timezone to GMT-1(Central European Time), with correction for Daylight Saving Time. Used by E-mail programs and News readers.
36. States where the files for theSound Blaster soundcard are installed.
37. States that the soundcard is installedat Address 220 with IRQ 5, Low DMA on DMA-channel 1, High DMA on DMA-channel5, MIDI address 330 and that the soundcard is Type 6 (Sound Blaster 16 compatible).
38. Indicates how MIDI-files hasto be played. MAP:G makes sure that both basic MIDI and extendedMIDI can be played in DOS.
39. Sets the soundcard to the valuesin line 37.
40. Sets the volumelevel for thedifferent channels of the soundcard according to the values saved in thefile C:SB16CTMIX.CFG by means of the program C:SB16SB16SET.EXE. Can be omitted.

/L: indicates in which UMB block the driver/programshall be loaded.

/V indicates that the driver/program shalldisplay extended information on the screen when loading.

If the Upper Memory in the address interval C800 to EFFF is unbroken,it should now, depending on the memory requirements for the CD-ROM and Mousedrivers, be possible to load all drivers and resident programs in UpperMemory, giving approximately 611 Kb free memory (can be checked with thecommand: MEM /C).

An unbroken Upper Memory area is among other depending on the computersBIOS, the installed videocard and other plug-in cards installed in the computer.

NOTE!The order of the lines should not be altered. The order aboveprovides the best utilization of the Upper Memory.

If there is not 611 Kb of free memory, the MEMMAKER program can betried, but this program cannot always improve the memory utilization, andsome times it becomes worse. Especially KEYB.COMcan cause problems.

Also look at the chapter: More Upper Memorywith EMM386.

PC DOS 7.00 (IBM)

The setup above will work with IBM’s DOS as well. The residentprograms in version 7.00 typically uses a little lesser memory than theones of MS-DOS 6.22, and IBM’s DOS versions are translated to Danish. The translation is awful in places and even more difficult to understandthan the original English, but that goes for the Danish Microsoft MS-DOSversion 7.x (Windows 9x) too.

Under PC DOS, the program RAMBOOST can be used for memory optimization,but this program isn’t flawless either, and it is furthermore a residentprogram consuming memory itself.

Note that PC DOS’s Smartdrive 5.00 not as standarduses write cache as MS-DOS’s Smartdrive does. To obtain write caching,the drives to be cached has to be stated succeeded by a + (SMARTDRV C+D+ E+ etc.).

PC DOS’s Smartdrive 5.00 indicates that CD-ROM drives are cached. Tests with CD-Bench 1.07 states that this is not the fact when using PCDOS’s MSCDEX.EXE 2.25, whereas CD-ROM drives are cachedunder PC DOS if MS-DOS’s MSCDEX.EXE is used.

Windows 3.11

If a DOS version above DOS 5.00 is used, then the versions ofHIMEM.SYS, EMM386.EXE andSMARTDRV.EXE installed by Windows in C: shouldNOT be used. Use the corresponding files in the DOSdirectory instead.

It can be suitable or necessary to add the following lines tothe SYSTEM.INI file in the Windows directory:

SYSTEM.INI

1
2
3
[386Enh]
device=monoumb.386
SystemROMBreakPoint=FALSE
MaxBPs=768

1. If the EMM386 Memory Manager is used with the parameterI=B000-BFFF, then the MONOUMB.386 device driver HAS to beused. MONOUMB.386 can be downloadedhere.
2. If Quarterdeck’s QEMM386 MemoryManager is used, then SystemROMBreakPointHAS to be set to FALSE.
3. Increases the maximum breakpoints that can beused by the Virtual Memory Manager (VMM) from 200 to 768. This can improve Windows’performance.

More Upper Memory with EMM386

If there is not enough Upper Memory for all drivers and TSR programs,then line 11 can be extended to:

DEVICE=C:DOSEMM386.EXE RAM I=B000-B7FF HIGHSCAN FRAME=C800/MIN=0 /V

HIGHSCAN tells the Memory Manger to search the system area (F000-FFFF)for unused memory, and FRAME=C800 places the page frame in the start of UpperUpper Memory Block number 2 (UMB 2), and thereby increases the probability foran unbroken UMB 2 from D000 and up.

Depending on the BIOS this might cause the computer to hang during bootup! First try removing the FRAME=C800 statement. This might lead to a third UMB blockplaced after the page frame. If this is the case, some of the drivers and/or TSRprograms must be loaded into UMB 3 using a DEVICEHIGH /L:3 = or a LH /L:3 statement. If removing the FRAME=C800 statement still causes the computer to hang,then the HIGHSCAN statement must be removed as well. Then it is not likely thatany more Upper Memory can be gained using EMM386

It is possible that the computer works alright in DOS, but that Windows 9x cannotstart when HIGHSCAN is used.

If HIGHSCAN cannot be used, then perhaps an alternative Memory Manager can be usedinstead to obtain more Upper Memory.

Alternative Memory Managers (QEMM386)

If there is a demand for more Upper Memory, an investment can bemade in an alternative Memory Manager, as for instance QuarterdecksQEMM386. This manager can typically give 32 Kb or more extra UpperMemory, an DOS will typically run 20% faster than with the Memory Managerprovided by MS-DOS or PC DOS!!!

I use QEMM386 v. 8.03 with MS-DOS 6.22 myself, and my CONFIG.SYS,AUTOEXEC.BAT and DOS-UP.DAT files looks like the following. Here might be something to obtain for other QEMM386 users. The setup alsoshows how to make a startup menu with two configurations — one for running withQEMM386, which starts by default after 2 seconds, and one for running with EMM386:

CONFIG.SYS
[menu]
MENUITEM=qemm,Start med Quarterdeck Memory Manager
MENUITEM=emm,Start med Microsoft Memory Manager
MENUDEFAULT=qemm,2
MENUCOLOR=7,0
[common]
NUMLOCK=OFF
BREAK=ON
DOS=HIGH,UMB
FILES=90
FCBS=1,0
BUFFERS=10,0
LASTDRIVE=J
STACKS=9,256
COUNTRY=045,865,C:DOSCOUNTRY.SYS
[qemm]
DEVICE=C:QEMMDOSDATA.SYS
DEVICE=C:QEMMQEMM386.SYS R:1 RAM
DEVICE=C:QEMMDOS-UP.SYS @C:DOS-UP.DAT
DEVICE=C:QEMMLOADHI.SYS /R:2 C:QEMMQDPMI.SYS SWAPFILE=DPMI.SWP SWAPSIZE=1024
DEVICE=C:QEMMLOADHI.SYS /R:1 C:VIDEOEANSI.SYS
DEVICE=C:QEMMLOADHI.SYS /R:1 C:DOSDISPLAY.SYS CON=(EGA,2)
DEVICE=C:QEMMLOADHI.SYS /R:1 C:WINDOWSIFSHLP.SYS
DEVICE=C:QEMMLOADHI.SYS /R:2 C:CDROMTEAC_CDI.SYS /D:MSCD000
DEVICE=C:QEMMLOADHI.SYS /R:2 C:SB16DRVCTSB16.SYS /UNIT=0 /BLASTER=A:220 I:5 D:1 H:5
DEVICE=C:QEMMLOADHI.SYS /R:2 C:SB16DRVCTMMSYS.SYS
DEVICE=C:QEMMLOADHI.SYS /R:2 C:DOSINTERLNK.EXE /AUTO /LPT1 /NOPRINTER
rem DEVICE=C:QEMMLOADHI.SYS /R:2 C:DOSRAMDRIVE.SYS 32767 /E
SHELL=C:QEMMLOADHI.COM /R:2 C:DOSCOMMAND.COM C:DOS /E:2048 /P
[emm]
DEVICE=C:DOSHIMEM.SYS /TESTMEM:OFF /V
DEVICE=C:DOSEMM386.EXE RAM I=B000-B7FF I=C800-EFFF HIGHSCAN FRAME=C800 /MIN=0 /V
DEVICEHIGH /L:1 =C:VIDEOEANSI.SYS
DEVICEHIGH /L:1 =C:DOSDISPLAY.SYS CON=(EGA,2)
DEVICEHIGH /L:1 =C:WINDOWSIFSHLP.SYS
DEVICEHIGH /L:1 =C:CDROMTEAC_CDI.SYS /D:MSCD000
DEVICEHIGH /L:2 =C:SB16DRVCTSB16.SYS /UNIT=0 /BLASTER=A:220 I:5 D:1 H:5
DEVICEHIGH /L:2 =C:SB16DRVCTMMSYS.SYS
DEVICEHIGH /L:2 =C:DOSINTERLNK.EXE /AUTO /LPT1 /NOPRINTER
SHELL=C:DOSCOMMAND.COM C:DOS /E:2048 /P

AUTOEXEC.BAT
@ECHO OFF
ECHO.
C:DOSMODE CON RATE=32 DELAY=2
C:DOSMODE CON CP PREP=((865 850) C:DOSDK.CPI)
C:DOSMODE CON CP SEL=865
ECHO.
GOTO %CONFIG%
:qemm
C:QEMMLOADHI /R:2 C:DOSMSCDEX /D:MSCD000 /M:18 /E /S /L:G /V
ECHO.
C:QEMMLOADHI /R:2 /LO C:DOSSMARTDRV 2048 128 /V
C:QEMMLOADHI /R:2 C:DOSKEYB DK,865,C:DOSKEYBOARD.SYS
ECHO.
C:QEMMLOADHI /R:2 C:MOUSEMSCMOUSE /1 /A3
C:QEMMLOADHI /R:2 C:DOSDOSKEY /INSERT
C:QEMMLOADHI /R:2 C:DOSNLSFUNC C:DOSCOUNTRY.SYS
ECHO.
GOTO common
:emm
LH /L:2 C:DOSMSCDEX /D:MSCD000 /M:18 /E /S /L:G /V
ECHO.
LH /L:0;2 /S C:DOSSMARTDRV 2048 128 /V
ECHO.
LH /L:2 C:MOUSEMSCMOUSE /1 /A3
LH /L:2 C:DOSKEYB DK,865,C:DOSKEYBOARD.SYS
LH /L:2 C:DOSDOSKEY /INSERT
LH /L:2 C:DOSNLSFUNC C:DOSCOUNTRY.SYS
ECHO.
:common
PROMPT $_ $e[1;37;41m-| — $e[33;40m $p$g
PATH C:DOS;C:QEMM;D:WINDOWS;C:BAT;C:NORTON;C:TOOLS;C:PCTOOLS
SET DIRCMD=/P /A
SET TEMP=E:TEMP
SET TMP=E:TEMP
SET SVGA=/g
SET AUTOBASE=/LYD18 /COM2
SET SOUND=C:SB16
SET BLASTER=A220 I5 D1 H5 P330 T6
SET MIDI=SYNTH:1 MAP:G
SET PCTOOLS=C:PCTOOLSDATA
SET TZ=CET-1CDT,3,-1,0,7200,10,-1,0,10800,3600
SET IEPPP=C:IEXPLORE
SET PCTCP=C:IEXPLOREPCTCP.SHV
SET PATH=%PATH%;C:IEXPLORE
C:VIDEOVMODE 640–72
C:VIDEOVMODE 800–72
C:VIDEOVMODE 1024–70
C:VIDEOVMODE 1280–60
C:SB16SB16SET /P
C:NORTONTM START /N
C:TOOLSAUTOTIME /EU
C:TOOLSPRINTCP /Q
C:AUTOBASEAUTOBASE /HUSK+
CALL C:BATBOOTLOG
CALL C:BATSTART
CALL C:BATMENU

DOS-UP.DAT
DOSDATA=1
FILES=1
FCBS=1
LASTDRIV=1
INSTALL=1
STACKS=1
WKBUFFER=1
IFS=1

In this file it is stated in which UMB, FILES, BUFFERS etc.
shall be loaded. This gives an opportunity of manually filling
up small unused UMB areas
IFS= only works with MS-DOS 7.x

This results in 632 Kb free memory with QEMM386 and 607 Kb free memorywith EMM386.

Furthermore there is now room in Upper Memory for the two driversC:SB16DRVCTSB16.SYS andC:SB16DRVCTMMSYS.SYS, whichmakes it possible to playback WAV, MID, CMF and VOC soundfiles underDOS, using the program C:SB16PLAY.EXE. These drivers are providedwith the Sound Blaster 16 soundcard.

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If there is not enough Upper Memory for all drivers and residentprograms, the line: DEVICE=C:QEMMQEMM386.SYSR:1 RAM can be expanded with the parameter: ST:F (safest) orST:M (this should be tested with the Quarterdeck OPTIMIZE program).

If DoubleSpace, DriveSpace or Stacker disk compressionis used, then the parameter: DBF=2 HAS to be added tothe line mentioned above.

If there is not 632 Kb of free memory with QEMM386, the OPTIMIZE programcan be tried, but this program cannot always improve the memory utilization,and some times it becomes worse. Especially KEYB.COMcan cause problems.

If the computer hangs under startup after an apparently successfulOPTIMIZE, it might be because OPTIMIZE has added squeezing to the LOADHIprocedure for some of the programs. Boot again and press F5. Then run the following command: C:QEMMOPTIMIZE /NOSQT /NOSQF. This starts OPTIMIZE with Temporary- and Frame squeezing turned off.

If version 7.x of Quarterdeck is used, it can not be recommendedto use DEVICE=C:QEMMDOSDATA.SYS,because there will be SO MUCH free memory, that some programs (Windows,among others) refuses to start. In most instances you can circumventthis by starting the programs with the MS-DOS LOADFIX program. Version8.x of Quartedeck seems to take hand of the problem by itself.

Stacker disk compression

If Stacker version 3.x or 4.x is used, the following can be enteredinto CONFIG.SYS, AUTOEXEC.BAT and STACKER.INI. Stacker is presumed installed in C:STACKER, and there is two physicalharddisks (C: and D:).

CONFIG.SYS
.
.
DEVICE=C:QEMMQEMM386.SYS R:1 RAM DBF=2ST:F
DEVICE=C:QEMMDOS-UP.SYS @C:QEMMDOS-UP.DAT
DEVICE=C:QEMMLOADHI.SYS /R:2 C:STACKERSTACHIGH.SYS
.
.
ST:F for more UMB.
Loads Stacker in UMB.

AUTOEXEC.BAT
.
.
C:QEMMLOADHI /R:2 /LO C:DOSSMARTDRV 2048 128 /V
C:STACKERCHECK /WP
.
.

Checks the Stacker drives.

STACKER.INI
/DIR=C:STACKER
/P=1
/EMS
/-AUTO
/Q-
C:STACVOL.DSK,SW
D:STACVOL.DSK,SW
States in which directory Stacker is installed.
Sets the compression to minimum (fastest).
Loads the Stacker buffers in EMS (64 Kb).
Turns off automatic stacking of floppy-drives.
Turns on displaying the loading of the Stacker drives.
States the name of the 1.st Stacker file and swaps drive C: and E:
States the name of the 2.nd Stacker file and swaps drive D: and F:

The Quarterdeck parameter: DBF=2HAS to be used with Stacker.

It is best to use Stacker with minimum compression, and then at regularintervals run a full optimization with maximal compression by means ofthe command: C:STACKERSDEFRAG /R /SU. This may last up to1 hour for a Stacker file of 512 Mb.

With Stacker 4.x the DEVICE=C:STACKERDPMS.EXE statement can beused in CONFIG.SYS to create DPMS memory, in which Stacker can be loaded,but this might cause problems with other programs as for instance PKZIPor QEMM386 with Stealth (ST:F / ST:M). DPMS can also NOT be used if 32-bit file access to the compresseddrives is wanted under Windows. So if EMS memory is available, it isbetter to use this, than to use DPMS memory.

Harddisk partitioning

If you do not want to compress your harddisk, you can often obtainmore space by partitioning the disk by means of the program FDISK.EXE. This reduces the amount of space wasted by each of the files on the disk.

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The amount of wasted space is among other things dependent on thesize of the disk, as the waste is bigger on large disks, because DOS hasto use larger clusters (allocation units) on large disks than on smalldisks.

One file always takes up a whole number of clusters, and thereforea file of just 1 byte will use 16.384 bytes = 1 cluster on a harddisk of1023 Mb and 32.768 bytes on a harddisk bigger than 1023 Mb! The averagewaste of space on a harddisk bigger than 1023 Mb will be 40% !!, whilethe waste on a harddisk between 512 and 1023 Mb will be 20%, and on a harddiskof 511 Mb it will only be about 10%. Smaller files typically resultsin more waste of space, as do large numbers of directories and subdirectories,because these also occupy 1 cluster each.

If you have 2 harddisks, both partitioned to 2 drives, then the firstharddisk (harddisk 0) will contain the logical drives C: and E:, whilethe other harddisk (harddisk 1) will contain the logical drives D: andF: after the partitioning. During the partitioning it is importantto remember to set the primary partition on disk 0 to be the active partition,otherwise drive C: will not be bootable

NOTE!By using FDISK all data on the harddisk are lost, so before usingFDISK all data has to be BACKED UP, ready for reinstalling afterwards.
After running FDISK the drives has to be formatted again. Drive C:is formatted with the command: A:FORMAT C: /U /S while theother drives are formatted with the command: A:FORMAT drive: /U
Don’t forget to make a bootable diskette before the partitioning by meansof the command: FORMAT A: /U /S and to copy the files FDISK.EXEand FORMAT.COM to this diskette. Other files that should be copiedto the boot diskette are: SYS.COM, CHKDSK.EXE, KEYB.COM, KEYBOARD.SYS,ATTRIB.EXE and MEM.EXE.

Commercial- and shareware-programs that can make disk partitioningwithout loss of data are available, for example PowerQuest’sPartitionMagic.

Windows 95 OSR2 and FAT32

The OEM Service Release 2 (OSR2) version of Windows 95 uses FAT32 insteadof the previously used FAT16 file system. FAT32 uses smaller clusters(typically 4.096 bytes) and supports harddisk partitions of a size up to 2 Terrabytes(2048 Gb), whereas FAT16 only could handle harddisk partitions with sizes up to 2 Gb.

Because of the smaller clustersize used by FAT32, there is no longer thesame need for harddisk partitioning in order of reducing the amount of wasteddisk space. However, if you have a large harddisk (4 Gb or more), harddiskpartitioning can still give you a better overview of your folders and files.

OEM stands for: ‘Original Equipment Manufacturer’, which means thatthe OSR2 version of Windows 95 can only be purchased in conjunction with buying anew computer (or sometimes when buying a new harddisk).

NOTE!You can NOT just update an existing Windows 95 with the OSR2 version. Because of FAT32 the harddisk has to be partitioned and formatted again, and Windows 95and all your applications has to be reinstalled.

With Windows 98 it is possible to convert a FAT16 partition to FAT32.

Have fun

NOTE! This page can be downloadedin text format. Also available in French.

17662 →

Internet Information Services (IIS) 10.0 is included with Windows Server 2016. It uses a process model similar to that of IIS 8.5 and IIS 7.0. A kernel-mode web driver (http.sys) receives and routes HTTP requests, and satisfies requests from its response cache. Worker processes register for URL subspaces, and http.sys routes the request to the appropriate process (or set of processes for application pools).

HTTP.sys is responsible for connection management and request handling. The request can be served from the HTTP.sys cache or passed to a worker process for further handling. Multiple worker processes can be configured, which provides isolation at a reduced cost. For more info on how request handling works, see the following figure:

HTTP.sys includes a response cache. When a request matches an entry in the response cache, HTTP.sys sends the cache response directly from kernel mode. Some web application platforms, such as ASP.NET, provide mechanisms to enable any dynamic content to be cached in the kernel-mode cache. The static file handler in IIS 10.0 automatically caches frequently requested files in http.sys.

Because a web server has kernel-mode and user-mode components, both components must be tuned for optimal performance. Therefore, tuning IIS 10.0 for a specific workload includes configuring the following:

• HTTP.sys and the associated kernel-mode cache
• Worker processes and user-mode IIS, including the application pool configuration
• Certain tuning parameters that affect performance

The following sections discuss how to configure the kernel-mode and user-mode aspects of IIS 10.0.

Kernel-mode settings

Performance-related HTTP.sys settings fall into two broad categories: cache management and connection and request management. All registry settings are stored under the following registry entry:

Note If the HTTP service is already running, you must restart it for the changes to take effect.

Cache management settings

One benefit that HTTP.sys provides is a kernel-mode cache. If the response is in the kernel-mode cache, you can satisfy an HTTP request entirely from the kernel mode, which significantly lowers the CPU cost of handling the request. However, the kernel-mode cache of IIS 10.0 is based on physical memory, and the cost of an entry is the memory that it occupies.

An entry in the cache is helpful only when it is used. However, the entry always consumes physical memory, whether or not the entry is being used. You must evaluate the usefulness of an item in the cache (the savings from being able to serve it from the cache) and its cost (the physical memory occupied) over the lifetime of the entry by considering the available resources (CPU and physical memory) and the workload requirements. HTTP.sys tries to keep only useful, actively accessed items in the cache, but you can increase the performance of the web server by tuning the HTTP.sys cache for particular workloads.

The following are some useful settings for the HTTP.sys kernel-mode cache:

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• UriEnableCache Default value: 1
• A non-zero value enables the kernel-mode response and fragment caching. For most workloads, the cache should remain enabled. Consider disabling the cache if you expect a very low response and fragment caching.
• UriMaxCacheMegabyteCount Default value: 0
• A non-zero value that specifies the maximum memory that is available to the kernel-mode cache. The default value, 0, enables the system to automatically adjust how much memory is available to the cache.
• NoteSpecifying the size sets only the maximum, and the system might not let the cache grow to the maximum set size.
• Â
• UriMaxUriBytes Default value: 262144 bytes (256 KB)
• The maximum size of an entry in the kernel-mode cache. Responses or fragments larger than this are not cached. If you have enough memory, consider increasing the limit. If memory is limited and large entries are crowding out smaller ones, it might be helpful to lower the limit.
• UriScavengerPeriod Default value: 120 seconds
• The HTTP.sys cache is periodically scanned by a scavenger, and entries that are not accessed between scavenger scans are removed. Setting the scavenger period to a high value reduces the number of scavenger scans. However, the cache memory usage might increase because older, less frequently accessed entries can remain in the cache. Setting the period too low causes more frequent scavenger scans, and it can result in too many flushes and cache churn.

Request and connection management settings

In Windows Server 2016, HTTP.sys manages connections automatically. The following registry settings are no longer used:

• MaxConnections
• IdleConnectionsHighMark
• IdleConnectionsLowMark
• IdleListTrimmerPeriod
• RequestBufferLookasideDepth
• InternalRequestLookasideDepth

User-mode settings

The settings in this section affect the IISÂ 10.0 worker process behavior. Most of these settings can be found in the following XML configuration file:

%SystemRoot%system32inetsrvconfigapplicationHost.config

Use Appcmd.exe, the IIS 10.0 Management Console, the WebAdministration or IISAdministration PowerShell Cmdlets to change them. Most settings are automatically detected, and they do not require a restart of the IIS 10.0 worker processes or web application server. For more info about the applicationHost.config file, see Introduction to ApplicationHost.config.

Ideal CPU setting for NUMA hardware

Starting from Windows 2016, IIS 10.0 supports automatic ideal CPU assignment for its thread pool threads to enhance the performance and scalability on NUMA hardware. This feature is enabled by default and can be configured through the following registry key:

With this feature enabled, IIS thread manager makes its best effort to evenly distribute IIS thread pool threads across all CPUs in all NUMA nodes based on their current loads. In general, it is recommended to keep this default setting unchanged for NUMA hardware.

Note The ideal CPU setting is different from the worker process NUMA node assignment settings (numaNodeAssignment and numaNodeAffinityMode) introduced in CPU Settings for an Application Pool. The ideal CPU setting affects how IIS distributes its thread pool threads, while the worker process NUMA node assignment settings determine on which NUMA node a worker process starts.

User-mode cache behavior settings

This section describes the settings that affect caching behavior in IISÂ 10.0. The user-mode cache is implemented as a module that listens to the global caching events that are raised by the integrated pipeline. To completely disable the user-mode cache, remove the FileCacheModule (cachfile.dll) module from the list of installed modules in the system.webServer/globalModules configuration section in applicationHost.config.

system.webServer/caching

AttributeDescriptionDefaultEnabledDisables the user-mode IIS cache when set to False. When the cache hit rate is very small, you can disable the cache completely to avoid the overhead that is associated with the cache code path. Disabling the user-mode cache does not disable the kernel-mode cache.TrueenableKernelCacheDisables the kernel-mode cache when set to False.TruemaxCacheSizeLimits the IIS user-mode cache size to the specified size in Megabytes. IIS adjusts the default depending on available memory. Choose the value carefully based on the size of the set of frequently accessed files versus the amount of RAM or the IIS process address space.0maxResponseSizeCaches files up to the specified size. The actual value depends on the number and size of the largest files in the data set versus the available RAM. Caching large, frequently requested files can reduce CPU usage, disk access, and associated latencies.262144

Compression behavior settings

IIS starting from 7.0 compresses static content by default. Also, compression of dynamic content is enabled by default when the DynamicCompressionModule is installed. Compression reduces bandwidth usage but increases CPU usage. Compressed content is cached in the kernel-mode cache if possible. Starting from 8.5, IIS lets compression be controlled independently for static and dynamic content. Static content typically refers to content that does not change, such as GIF or HTM files. Dynamic content is typically generated by scripts or code on the server, that is, ASP.NET pages. You can customize the classification of any particular extension as static or dynamic.

To completely disable compression, remove StaticCompressionModule and DynamicCompressionModule from the list of modules in the system.webServer/globalModules section in applicationHost.config.

system.webServer/httpCompression

AttributeDescriptionDefaultstaticCompression-EnableCpuUsage
staticCompression-DisableCpuUsage
dynamicCompression-EnableCpuUsage
dynamicCompression-DisableCpuUsageEnables or disables compression if the current percentage CPU usage goes above or below specified limits.
Starting with IIS 7.0, compression is automatically disabled if steady-state CPU increases above the disable threshold. Compression is enabled if CPU drops below the enable threshold.50, 100, 50, and 90 respectivelydirectorySpecifies the directory in which compressed versions of static files are temporarily stored and cached. Consider moving this directory off the system drive if it is accessed frequently.%SystemDrive%inetpubtempIIS Temporary Compressed FilesdoDiskSpaceLimitingSpecifies whether a limit exists for how much disk space all compressed files can occupy. Compressed files are stored in the compression directory that is specified by the directory attribute.TruemaxDiskSpaceUsageSpecifies the number of bytes of disk space that compressed files can occupy in the compression directory.
This setting might need to be increased if the total size of all compressed content is too large.100 MB

system.webServer/urlCompression

AttributeDescriptionDefaultdoStaticCompressionSpecifies whether static content is compressed.TruedoDynamicCompressionSpecifies whether dynamic content is compressed.True

Note

For servers running IIS 10.0 that have low average CPU usage, consider enabling compression for dynamic content, especially if responses are large. This should first be done in a test environment to assess the effect on the CPU usage from the baseline.

Tuning the default document list

The default document module handles HTTP requests for the root of a directory and translates them into requests for a specific file, such as Default.htm or Index.htm. On average, around 25 percent of all requests on the Internet go through the default document path. This varies significantly for individual sites. When an HTTP request does not specify a file name, the default document module searches the list of allowed default documents for each name in the file system. This can adversely affect performance, especially if reaching the content requires making a network round trip or touching a disk.

You can avoid the overhead by selectively disabling default documents and by reducing or ordering the list of documents. For websites that use a default document, you should reduce the list to only the default document types that are used. Additionally, order the list so that it begins with the most frequently accessed default document file name.

You can selectively set the default document behavior on particular URLs by customizing the configuration inside a location tag in applicationHost.config or by inserting a web.config file directly in the content directory. This allows a hybrid approach, which enables default documents only where they are necessary and sets the list to the correct file name for each URL.

To disable default documents completely, remove DefaultDocumentModule from the list of modules in the system.webServer/globalModules section in applicationHost.config.

system.webServer/defaultDocument

AttributeDescriptionDefaultenabledSpecifies that default documents are enabled.True<files> elementSpecifies the file names that are configured as default documents.The default list is Default.htm, Default.asp, Index.htm, Index.html, Iisstart.htm, and Default.aspx.

Central binary logging

When the server session has numerous URL groups under it, the process of creating hundreds of formatted log files for individual URL groups and writing the log data to a disk can quickly consume valuable CPU and memory resources, thereby creating performance and scalability issues. Centralized binary logging minimizes the amount of system resources that are used for logging, while at the same time providing detailed log data for organizations that require it. Parsing binary-format logs requires a post-processing tool.

You can enable central binary logging by setting the centralLogFileMode attribute to CentralBinary and setting the enabled attribute to True. Consider moving the location of the central log file off the system partition and onto a dedicated logging drive to avoid contention between system activities and logging activities.

system.applicationHost/log

AttributeDescriptionDefaultcentralLogFileModeSpecifies the logging mode for a server. Change this value to CentralBinary to enable central binary logging.Site

system.applicationHost/log/centralBinaryLogFile

AttributeDescriptionDefaultenabledSpecifies whether central binary logging is enabled.FalsedirectorySpecifies the directory where log entries are written.%SystemDrive%inetpublogsLogFiles

Application and site tunings

The following settings relate to application pool and site tunings.

system.applicationHost/applicationPools/applicationPoolDefaults

AttributeDescriptionDefaultqueueLengthIndicates to HTTP.sys how many requests are queued for an application pool before future requests are rejected. When the value for this property is exceeded, IIS rejects subsequent requests with a 503 error.
Consider increasing this for applications that communicate with high-latency back-end data stores if 503 errors are observed.1000enable32BitAppOnWin64When True, enables a 32-bit application to run on a computer that has a 64-bit processor.
Consider enabling 32-bit mode if memory consumption is a concern. Because pointer sizes and instruction sizes are smaller, 32-bit applications use less memory than 64-bit applications. The drawback to running 32-bit applications on a 64-bit computer is that user-mode address space is limited to 4 GB.False

system.applicationHost/sites/VirtualDirectoryDefault

AttributeDescriptionDefaultallowSubDirConfigSpecifies whether IIS looks for web.config files in content directories lower than the current level (True) or does not look for web.config files in content directories lower than the current level (False). By imposing a simple limitation, which allows configuration only in virtual directories, IISÂ 10.0 can know that, unless /<name>.htm is a virtual directory, it should not look for a configuration file. Skipping the additional file operations can significantly improve performance of websites that have a very large set of randomly accessed static content.True

Managing IIS 10.0 modules

IIS 10.0 has been factored into multiple, user-extensible modules to support a modular structure. This factorization has a small cost. For each module the integrated pipeline must call the module for every event that is relevant to the module. This happens regardless of whether the module must do any work. You can conserve CPU cycles and memory by removing all modules that are not relevant to a particular website.

A web server that is tuned for simple static files might include only the following five modules: UriCacheModule, HttpCacheModule, StaticFileModule, AnonymousAuthenticationModule, and HttpLoggingModule.

To remove modules from applicationHost.config, remove all references to the module from the system.webServer/handlers and system.webServer/modules sections in addition to removing the module declaration in system.webServer/globalModules.

Classic ASP settings

The major cost of processing a classic ASP request includes initializing a script engine, compiling the requested ASP script into an ASP template, and executing the template on the script engine. While the template execution cost depends on the complexity of the requested ASP script, IIS classic ASP module can cache script engines in memory and cache templates in both memory and disk (only if in-memory template cache overflows) to boost performance in CPU-bound scenarios.

The following settings are used to configure the classic ASP template cache and script engine cache, and they do not affect ASP.NET settings.

system.webServer/asp/cache

AttributeDescriptionDefaultdiskTemplateCacheDirectoryThe name of the directory that ASP uses to store compiled templates when the in-memory cache overflows.
Recommendation: Set to a directory that is not heavily used, for example, a drive that is not shared with the operating system, IIS log, or other frequently accessed content.%SystemDrive%inetpubtempASP Compiled TemplatesmaxDiskTemplateCacheFilesSpecifies the maximum number of compiled ASP templates that can be cached on disk.
Recommendation: Set to the maximum value of 0x7FFFFFFF.2000scriptFileCacheSizeThis attribute specifies the maximum number of compiled ASP templates that can be cached in memory.
Recommendation: Set to at least as many as the number of frequently-requested ASP scripts served by an application pool. If possible, set to as many ASP templates as memory limits allow.500scriptEngineCacheMaxSpecifies the maximum number of script engines that will keep cached in memory.
Recommendation: Set to at least as many as the number of frequently-requested ASP scripts served by an application pool. If possible, set to as many script engines as the memory limit allows.250

system.webServer/asp/limits

AttributeDescriptionDefaultprocessorThreadMaxSpecifies the maximum number of worker threads per processor that ASP can create. Increase if the current setting is insufficient to handle the load, which can cause errors when it is serving requests or cause under-usage of CPU resources.25

system.webServer/asp/comPlus

AttributeDescriptionDefaultexecuteInMtaSet to True if errors or failures are detected while IIS is serving ASP content. This can occur, for example, when hosting multiple isolated sites in which each site runs under its own worker process. Errors are typically reported from COM+ in the Event Viewer. This setting enables the multi-threaded apartment model in ASP.False

ASP.NET concurrency setting

ASP.NET 3.5

By default, ASP.NET limits request concurrency to reduce steady-state memory consumption on the server. High concurrency applications might need to adjust some settings to improve overall performance. You can change this setting in aspnet.config file:

The following setting is useful to fully use resources on a system:

Edit Config Sys Windows 10

• maxConcurrentRequestPerCpu Default value: 5000
• This setting limits the maximum number of concurrently executing ASP.NET requests on a system. The default value is conservative to reduce memory consumption of ASP.NET applications. Consider increasing this limit on systems that run applications that perform long, synchronous I/O operations. Otherwise, users can experience high latency because of queuing or request failures due to exceeding queue limits under a high load when the default setting is used.

ASP.NET 4.6

Besides the maxConcurrentRequestPerCpu setting, ASP.NET 4.7 also provides settings to improve the performance in the applications which heavily rely on asynchronous operation. The setting can be changed in aspnet.config file.

• percentCpuLimit Default value: 90Asynchronous request has some scalability issues when a huge load (beyond the hardware capabilities) is put on such scenario. The problem is due to the nature of allocation on asynchronous scenarios. In these conditions, allocation will happen when the asynchronous operation starts, and it will be consumed when it completes. By that time, it’s very possible the objects have been moved to generation 1 or 2 by GC. When this happens, increasing the load will show increase on request per second (rps) until a point. Once we pass that point, the time spent in GC will start to become a problem and the rps will start to dip, having a negative scaling effect. To fix the problem, when the cpu usage exceeds percentCpuLimit setting, requests will be sent to the ASP.NET native queue.
• percentCpuLimitMinActiveRequestPerCpu Default value: 100CPU throttling(percentCpuLimit setting) is not based on number of requests but on how expensive they are. As a result, there could be just a few CPU-intensive requests causing a backup in the native queue with no way to empty it aside from incoming requests. To solve this problme, percentCpuLimitMinActiveRequestPerCpu can be used to ensure a minimum number of requests are being served before throttling kicks in.

Worker process and recycling options

You can configure options for recycling IIS worker processes and provide practical solutions to acute situations or events without requiring intervention or resetting a service or computer. Such situations and events include memory leaks, increasing memory load, or unresponsive or idle worker processes. Under ordinary conditions, recycling options might not be needed and recycling can be turned off or the system can be configured to recycle very infrequently.

You can enable process recycling for a particular application by adding attributes to the recycling/periodicRestart element. The recycle event can be triggered by several events including memory usage, a fixed number of requests, and a fixed time period. When a worker process is recycled, the queued and executing requests are drained, and a new process is simultaneously started to service new requests. The recycling/periodicRestart element is per-application, which means that each attribute in the following table is partitioned on a per-application basis.

system.applicationHost/applicationPools/ApplicationPoolDefaults/recycling/periodicRestart

AttributeDescriptionDefaultmemoryEnable process recycling if virtual memory consumption exceeds the specified limit in kilobytes. This is a useful setting for 32-bit computers that have a small, 2 GB address space. It can help avoid failed requests due to out-of-memory errors.0privateMemoryEnable process recycling if private memory allocations exceed a specified limit in kilobytes.0requestsEnable process recycling after a certain number of requests.0timeEnable process recycling after a specified time period.29:00:00

Dynamic worker-process page-out tuning

Starting in Windows Server 2012 R2, IIS offers the option of configuring worker process to suspend after they have been idle for a while (in addition to the option of terminate, which existed since IIS 7).

The main purpose of both the idle worker process page-out and idle worker process termination features is to conserve memory utilization on the server, since a site can consume a lot of memory even if it’s just sitting there, listening. Depending on the technology used on the site (static content vs ASP.NET vs other frameworks), the memory used can be anywhere from about 10 MB to hundreds of MBs, and this means that if your server is configured with many sites, figuring out the most effective settings for your sites can dramatically improve performance of both active and suspended sites.

Before we go into specifics, we must keep in mind that if there are no memory constraints, then it’s probably best to simply set the sites to never suspend or terminate. After all, there’s little value in terminating a worker process if it’s the only one on the machine.

Note

In case the site runs unstable code, such as code with a memory leak, or otherwise unstable, setting the site to terminate on idle can be a quick-and-dirty alternative to fixing the code bug. This isn’t something we would encourage, but in a crunch, it may be better to use this feature as a clean-up mechanism while a more permanent solution is in the works.]

Another factor to consider is that if the site does use a lot of memory, then the suspension process itself takes a toll, because the computer has to write the data used by the worker process to disk. If the worker process is using a large chunk of memory, then suspending it might be more expensive than the cost of having to wait for it to start back up.

To make the best of the worker process suspension feature, you need to review your sites in each application pool, and decide which should be suspended, which should be terminated, and which should be active indefinitely. For each action and each site, you need to figure out the ideal time-out period.

Ideally, the sites that you will configure for suspension or termination are those that have visitors every day, but not enough to warrant keeping it active all the time. These are usually sites with around 20 unique visitors a day or less. You can analyze the traffic patterns using the site’s log files and calculate the average daily traffic.

Keep in mind that once a specific user connects to the site, they will typically stay on it for at least a while, making additional requests, and so just counting daily requests may not accurately reflect the real traffic patterns. To get a more accurate reading, you can also use a tool, such as Microsoft Excel, to calculate the average time between requests. For example:

NumberRequest URLRequest timeDelta1/SourceSilverLight/Geosource.web/grosource.html10:012/SourceSilverLight/Geosource.web/sliverlight.js10:100:093/SourceSilverLight/Geosource.web/clientbin/geo/1.aspx10:110:014/lClientAccessPolicy.xml10:120:015/ SourceSilverLight/GeosourcewebService/Service.asmx10:230:116/ SourceSilverLight/Geosource.web/GeoSearchServer..¦.11:501:277/rest/Services/CachedServices/Silverlight_load_la..¦12:501:008/rest/Services/CachedServices/Silverlight_basemap..¦.12:510:019/rest/Services/DynamicService/ Silverlight_basemap..¦.12:590:0810/rest/Services/CachedServices/Ortho_2004_cache.as..13:400:4111/rest/Services/CachedServices/Ortho_2005_cache.js13:400:0012/rest/Services/CachedServices/OrthoBaseEngine.aspx13:410:01

The hard part, though, is figuring out what setting to apply to make sense. In our case, the site gets a bunch of requests from users, and the table above shows that a total of 4 unique sessions occurred in a period of 4 hours. With the default settings for worker process suspension of the application pool, the site would be terminated after the default timeout of 20 minutes, which means each of these users would experience the site spin-up cycle. This makes it an ideal candidate for worker process suspension, because for most of the time, the site is idle, and so suspending it would conserve resources, and allow the users to reach the site almost instantly.

A final, and very important note about this is that disk performance is crucial for this feature. Because the suspension and wake-up process involve writing and reading large amount of data to the hard drive, we strongly recommend using a fast disk for this. Solid State Drives (SSDs) are ideal and highly recommended for this, and you should make sure that the Windows page file is stored on it (if the operating system itself is not installed on the SSD, configure the operating system to move the page file to it).

Whether you use an SSD or not, we also recommend fixing the size of the page file to accommodate writing the page-out data to it without file-resizing. Page-file resizing might happen when the operating system needs to store data in the page file, because by default, Windows is configured to automatically adjust its size based on need. By setting the size to a fixed one, you can prevent resizing and improve performance a lot.

To configure a pre-fixed page file size, you need to calculate its ideal size, which depends on how many sites you will be suspending, and how much memory they consume. If the average is 200 MB for an active worker process and you have 500 sites on the servers that will be suspending, then the page file should be at least (200 * 500) MB over the base size of the page file (so base + 100 GB in our example).

Note

Edit Config Sys Windows 10 Pro

When sites are suspended, they will consume approximately 6 MB each, so in our case, memory usage if all sites are suspended would be around 3 GB. In reality, though, you’re probably never going to have them all suspended at the same time.

Transport Layer Security tuning parameters

The use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) imposes additional CPU cost. The most expensive component of TLS is the cost of establishing a session establishment because it involves a full handshake. Reconnection, encryption, and decryption also add to the cost. For better TLS performance, do the following:

• Enable HTTP keep-alives for TLS sessions. This eliminates the session establishment costs.
• Reuse sessions when appropriate, especially with non-keep-alive traffic.
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• Selectively apply encryption only to pages or parts of the site that need it, rather to the entire site.

Note

• Larger keys provide more security, but they also use more CPU time.
• All components might not need to be encrypted. However, mixing plain HTTP and HTTPS might result in a pop-up warning that not all content on the page is secure.

Edit Config.sys Windows 10

Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI)

No special tuning parameters are needed for ISAPI applications. If you write a private ISAPI extension, make sure that it is written for performance and resource use.

Managed code tuning guidelines

The integrated pipeline model in IIS 10.0 enables a high degree of flexibility and extensibility. Custom modules that are implemented in native or managed code can be inserted into the pipeline, or they can replace existing modules. Although this extensibility model offers convenience and simplicity, you should be careful before you insert new managed modules that hook into global events. Adding a global managed module means that all requests, including static file requests, must touch managed code. Custom modules are susceptible to events such as garbage collection. In addition, custom modules add significant CPU cost due to marshaling data between native and managed code. If possible, you should set preCondition to managedHandler for managed module.

To get better cold startup performance, make sure that you precompile the ASP.NET web site or leverage IIS Application Initialization feature to warm up the application.

If session state is not needed, make sure that you turn it off for each page.

If there are many I/O bound operations, try to use asynchronous version of relevant APIs which will give you much better scalability.

Also using Output Cache properly will also boost the performance of your web site.

When you run multiple hosts that contain ASP.NET scripts in isolated mode (one application pool per site), monitor the memory usage. Make sure that the server has enough RAM for the expected number of concurrently running application pools. Consider using multiple application domains instead of multiple isolated processes.

Other issues that affect IIS performance

The following issues can affect IIS performance:

• Installation of filters that are not cache-aware
• The installation of a filter that is not HTTP-cache-aware causes IIS to completely disable caching, which results in poor performance. ISAPI filters that were written before IISÂ 6.0 can cause this behavior.
• Common Gateway Interface (CGI) requests
• For performance reasons, the use of CGI applications to serve requests is not recommended with IIS. Frequently creating and deleting CGI processes involves significant overhead. Better alternatives include using FastCGI, ISAPI application scripts and ASP or ASP.NET scripts. Isolation is available for each of these options.

Additional References

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